As for the use of e-liquids in e-hookah, that would be expected to produce the same toxicity as e-cigarettes. The evolving nature of these devices supports the notion that investigating their use patterns, purpose, prevalence, and potential health effects is crucial. Meanwhile, the public health experts should educate the public about the possible yet unknown health hazards of these products, whereas policy makers should limit their access to youth.
As mentioned before, hookah smoke may be associated with similar or even greater inhalation of toxicants in comparison to cigarettes. Since , the FDA finalized a rule extending their control of all tobacco products, including hookah tobacco. FDA now regulates the manufacture, import, packaging, labeling, advertising, promotion, and sale, as well as distribution of hookah tobacco and of all hookah apparatus parts except the accessories; lighters and tongs [ ].
Unfortunately, youth represent a large portion of the hookah user population, and their accessibility is facilitated through online ordering. To control such means of access, major credit card companies should ban online payments for hookah, as they did with cigarettes [ ]. Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Lately, as also noted by the American Heart Association statement [ ], hookah has been considered a global threat—in part—due to the high increase of its use, in addition to the deleterious effects it has on human body such as frequent respiratory infections, persistent cough, oral and esophageal cancer, and induction of a pro-inflammatory state.
In this connection, recent studies have shown that the levels of hookah-emitted chemicals vary depending on multiple factors such as topography, experience, session length, and type of tobacco used during each session. The widespread and increasing usage of hookah in the USA is concerning. Collectively, these findings can be used in educational campaigns for the public, as well as in shaping policies for further evidence-based hookah control.
However, the corresponding authors will share the sources of the data upon request. The growing epidemic of water pipe smoking: health effects and future needs. Respir Med. Waterpipe smoking: not necessarily less hazardous than cigarette smoking: possible consequences for cardiovascular disease.
Neth Heart J. Nakkash R, Khalil J. Health warning labelling practices on narghile shisha, hookah waterpipe tobacco products and related accessories. Tob Control. Chaouachi K. Libyan J Med. Advisory Note: Waterpipe tobacco smoking: health effects, research needs and recommended actions by regulators. Saleh R, Shihadeh A.
Elevated toxicant yields with narghile waterpipes smoked using a plastic hose. Food Chem Toxicol. Radiological hazards of Narghile hookah, shisha, goza smoking: activity concentrations and dose assessment.
J Environ Radioact. Nicotine content in tobacco used in hubble-bubble smoking. Saudi Med J. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior in two U. Nicotin Tob Res. Article Google Scholar. Eliciting preferences for waterpipe tobacco smoking using a discrete choice experiment: implications for product regulation. BMJ Open. Preferences and perceptions of flavored hookah tobacco among US women. Am J Health Behav.
Variability in puff topography and exhaled CO in waterpipe tobacco smoking. Tob Regul Sci. Hookah smoking. BMJ Clinical research ed. Smoking topography: reliability and validity in dependent smokers.
Acute effects of waterpipe tobacco smoking: a double-blind, placebo-control study. Drug Alcohol Depend. Comparison of puff topography, toxicant exposure, and subjective effects in low- and high-frequency waterpipe users: a double-blind, placebo-control study. Measuring the acute cardiovascular effects of shisha smoking: a cross-sectional study. JRSM Open. Toxicol Lett. Shihadeh A.
Investigation of mainstream smoke aerosol of the argileh water pipe. Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: a re-emerging strain in a global epidemic. Doses of nicotine and lung carcinogens delivered to cigarette smokers. J Natl Cancer Instit. An observational study of group waterpipe use in a natural environment. Eissenberg T, Shihadeh A. Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking: direct comparison of toxicant exposure.
Am J Prev Med. Hookah use among high school children in an Indian city. Comparison of puff volume with cigarettes per day in predicting nicotine uptake among daily smokers.
Am J Epidemiol. Smoking topography and biomarkers of exposure among Japanese smokers: associations with cigarette emissions obtained using machine smoking protocols. Environ Health Prev Med. Shihadeh A, Saleh R. Hookah use among U.
Predictors of waterpipe smoking among secondary school adolescents in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Int J Behav Med. Waterpipe hookah tobacco smoking among youth. Determinants of tobacco use among youths in Isfahan, Iran. Int J Public Health. Psycho-social needs impact on hookah smoking initiation among women: a qualitative study from Iran. Int J Prev Med. Shisha smoking practices, use reasons, attitudes, health effects and intentions to quit among shisha smokers in Malaysia.
Characteristics of U. Tobacco use and cessation among Somalis in Minnesota. Patterns of waterpipe use and dependence: implications for intervention development. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. Prevalence of and associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking among U. Ann Behav Med. Hookah-related posts to Twitter From to thematic analysis.
J Med Internet Res. Are waterpipe users interested in quitting? The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking among the general and specific populations: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking among university students in Jordan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. Transition in tobacco use stages and its related factors in a longitudinal study. Prev Med. Analysis of state-specific prevalence, regional differences, and correlates of hookah use in U.
Google Scholar. Rural versus urban use of traditional and emerging tobacco products in the United States, Am J Public Health. Social aspects of hookah smoking among US youth. Comparison of cigarette and water-pipe smoking by Arab and non—Arab-American youth.
Evidence of emerging hookah use among university students: a cross-sectional comparison between hookah and cigarette use. A comprehensive examination of hookah smoking in college students: use patterns and contexts, social norms and attitudes, harm perception, psychological correlates and co-occurring substance use.
Addict Behav. Noonan D, Patrick ME. Factors associated with perceptions of hookah addictiveness and harmfulness among young adults. Subst Abuse. Tobacco use among middle and high school students - United States, Sex and sexual orientation in relation to tobacco use among young adult college students in the US: a cross-sectional study.
Knowledge and attitudes toward hookah usage among university students. J Am Coll Heal. Exploring demographic and substance use correlates of hookah use in a sample of southern California community college students.
Calif J Health Promot. Perceived harm, addictiveness, and social acceptability of tobacco products and marijuana among young adults: marijuana, hookah, and electronic cigarettes win.
Subst Use Misuse. Tobacco and nicotine delivery product use in a national sample of pregnant women. Exposure of pregnant women to waterpipe and cigarette smoke. Nicotine Tob Res. A qualitative assessment of the perceived risks of electronic cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy. BMC Pub Health. Mainstream smoke of the waterpipe: does this environmental matrix reveal as significant source of toxic compounds? Nicotine, carbon monoxide, and carcinogen exposure after a single use of a water pipe.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. Does switching to a tobacco-free waterpipe product reduce toxicant intake? Measurement of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in narghile waterpipe tobacco smoke. Volatile aldehydes in the mainstream smoke of the narghile waterpipe.
Phenolic compounds in particles of mainstream waterpipe smoke. Waterpipe smoke: a considerable source of human exposure against furanic compounds. Anal Chim Acta. Ultrafine particle emissions from waterpipes. Baker RR, Dixon M. The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract. Inhal Toxicol. A critical review of the relevant literature and the public health consequences. Comparison of tobacco-containing and tobacco-free waterpipe products: effects on human alveolar cells.
Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in exhaled cigarette smoke. Waterpipe tobacco smoking and cigarette smoking: a direct comparison of toxicant exposure and subjective effects. Weaver LK. Carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med. Carbon monoxide poisoning associated with Narghile use.
Emerg Med J. Case of carbon monoxide poisoning after smoking shisha. Int J Emerg Med. Health Education Research; , MMWR; , 64 38 Soneji S, et al. JAMA Pediatrics; , 2 Salloum RG, et al. PCD; , E Griffiths RR, et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther; , 2 Dangers of Hookah Smoking. Accessed March 4, World Health Organization.
Eissenberg T, Shihadeh A. AJPM; , 37 6 Maziak W, et al. NTR; , 11 7 : Knishkowy B, Amitai Y. Pediatrics; , e El-Zaatari ZM, et al. Health Effects Associated with Waterpipe Smoking. TC; , 24 S1 :ii Learn how your comment data is processed. How are things at Hekkpipe — an international hookah company? In our recent post, we gave you an overview of our product development process. You probably know the birth story Hekkpipe being born out…. Premium hookah for your next shisha hangout?
Yes, please! About Hekkpipe. Five facts about hookah and hookah definition. Posted on June August What is hookah and how to define hookah? Photo: Wikipedia. Quick Shop. Franklin White. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Related Post. International hookah company Hekkpipe hookahs in the world.
Posted on 5. May No tobacco contains tar until it is burned, or in the case of hookah tobacco, heated. This difference leads some to believe that the toxicity of hookah tar may be less than that of cigarette tar, which is not the case. Additionally, the charcoal that is used to heat the tobacco contains carbon monoxide, metals, and other cancer-causing agents like polyaromatic hydrocarbons.
This adds another level of danger to hookah smokers. A typical manufactured cigarette contains between 7 and 22 milligrams of nicotine, depending on the brand, with about 1 mg being absorbed by the smoker. An average hookah bowl contains as much nicotine as a pack of 20 cigarettes. Nicotine is an addictive drug, so smoking hookah can be every bit as addictive as smoking cigarettes. Smokers inhale to milliliters of smoke in the 20 puffs it takes to smoke a cigarette.
If they're smoking hookah, which is typically an event lasting 45 minutes to an hour, smokers inhale approximately 90, ml of smoke and take as many as puffs on the water pipe. Compared to traditional cigarette smoke, hookah smoke has about six times more carbon monoxide and 46 times more tar. Hookah smokers may take in more of these toxins because inhalation through the water pipe requires a stronger drag for a longer period of time.
It has been estimated that a single hookah session can cause smokers to absorb approximately the same amount of nicotine and other chemicals as they would if they smoked two to 10 cigarettes a day, depending on how often they smoke hookah. In the short term, hookah smoking raises blood pressure and heart rate, which may increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. In the long term, hookah smoking can contribute to a variety of cancers, heart disease, and lung disease.
Hookah smokers are at risk for many of the same illnesses as cigarette smokers, such as oral cancer, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer. Hookah use is also associated with decreased lung function and heart disease, and it can have a negative effect on fertility. Secondhand smoke from a hookah is also hazardous.
If you're in the room with a lit hookah water pipe, you're breathing in cancer-causing toxins just as with secondhand cigarette smoke. Hookah smoking can also spread illness. Because it is usually smoked in a social setting, with several people sharing the same pipe and sometimes the same mouthpiece, colds and other infections, including oral herpes, can be easily passed along.
Hookah tobacco is addictive and every bit as hazardous to a smoker's health as traditional cigarettes. A one-hour session of hookah smoking can expose smokers to as much nicotine and toxins as they would get from an entire day or more of cigarette smoking.
0コメント