It can be linked to an outside cause, such as stress, medicine, or a medical condition. When insomnia is the result of an outside cause, it is called secondary insomnia. Primary insomnia is not caused by outside events. It can be hard to identify the cause of primary insomnia.
Psycho-physiological insomnia occurs when someone under emotional stress becomes anxious, concentrates too intently on trying to sleep, and is unable to sleep because of the level of stress and anxiety. Paradoxical insomnia, formerly known as sleep-state misperception, is a sleep disorder characterized by a significant difference between the time a person thinks he or she has been asleep and how much time he or she has actually slept. People with this problem may complain that they can't fall asleep and feel sleepy during the day because of lack of sleep, but they are actually sleeping and have no evidence of a sleep disorder.
Health Home Conditions and Diseases. Primary sleep disorders aren't caused by another medical or psychological condition. Types of primary sleep disorders Primary disorders can be divided into parasomnias and dyssomnias. Other common dyssomnias are listed below. Abnormalities of the central nervous system Problems with the central nervous system can trigger a sleep disorder. Periodic limb movements in sleep PLMS Periodic limb movements in sleep occur when the arms and legs move frequently and involuntarily during sleep.
Restless legs syndrome RLS Restless legs syndrome is a neurological disorder. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies.
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Updated August 6, Written by Sarah Shoen. Medically Reviewed by Dr. Anis Rehman. Parasomnia Treatment for Dyssomnia. Causes of Dyssomnia Dyssomnia can be caused by any number of factors, including sleep disorders, mental health disorders, and other medical disorders. Types of Dyssomnia There are three categories of dyssomnias. These are based on the cause of the dyssomnia: Intrinsic sleep disorders Extrinsic sleep disorders Circadian rhythm sleep disorders Although many sleep disorders have similar symptoms, they may require different methods of diagnosis and different treatment plans.
Intrinsic Sleep Disorders Intrinsic sleep disorders are the group of dyssomnias caused by internal dysfunction. Obstructive Sleep Apnea People with obstructive sleep apnea experience a partial or complete collapse of the upper airway while they sleep. Narcolepsy Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder in which the brain does not properly regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Restless Legs Syndrome Restless legs syndrome is characterized by uncontrollable movement of the legs, arms, and sometimes other body parts.
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder Similar to restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder interrupts your sleep with unwanted, frequent movements. Hypersomnia People with hypersomnia experience frequent excessive daytime sleepiness and may fall asleep at inappropriate times during the day.
Extrinsic Sleep Disorders Extrinsic sleep disorders are dyssomnias caused by factors outside of the body, such as environment and health habits.
Poor Sleep Hygiene Sleep hygiene is overall care for your sleep habits. Proper sleep hygiene includes : Going to sleep and waking up around the same time each day Ensuring appropriate nutrition and avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bedtime Regularly exercising during the day Establishing a bedtime routine Avoiding blue light from electronics in the hours before bedtime Creating a sleep environment with minimal distractions Poor sleep hygiene can negatively impact both the quantity and quality of sleep you get at night.
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Circadian rhythm sleep disorders are the result of irregularities in the circadian rhythm or misalignment of the circadian rhythm with the environment, such as the light-darkness cycle. Shift Work Sleep Disorder Shift work disorder causes you to be misaligned with traditional waking and sleeping hours, which can make falling asleep or staying asleep difficult.
Jet Lag Disorder When you travel quickly across more than two time zones, changes in your sleep-wake schedule can cause jet lag disorder. Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Delayed sleep phase syndrome is common among adolescents. Advanced Sleep-Phase Syndrome The opposite of delayed sleep phase syndrome, called advanced sleep phase syndrome, causes you to fall asleep early and wake up early. Sign up below for your free gift. Your privacy is important to us. Was this article helpful? Yes No.
Anis Rehman Endocrinologist MD. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Unhealthy sleep-related behaviors — 12 states, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 60 8 , Wickboldt, A.
Sleep physiology, abnormal states, and therapeutic interventions. Ochsner Journal, 12 2 , MedGen n. MedGen UID: Sleep disorders, intrinsic. Strohl, K. Obstructive sleep apnea. Merck Manual Professional Version. Narcolepsy fact sheet. Bhaskar, S. Prevalence of chronic insomnia in adult patients and its correlation with medical comorbidities. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 5 4 , Schwab, R. Hypersomnia information page. Healthy sleep. Pinto, T. Night eating syndrome: How to treat it?
Zhu, L. Circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Neurologic Clinics, 30 4 , — Lunsford-Avery, J. Additionally, any physical manifestation as a result of your lack of sleep will also be documented, like headaches or weight gain. Your doctor may also look deeper for the possibility of mental illness and psychological factors leading to sleep problems. Possible other health-related reasons, including disorders of the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, rheumatoid, or endocrine systems will also be ruled out.
The identification of the cause will allow for appropriate dyssomnia treatment. This involves treating any possible medical disorders, psychiatric disorders, and eliminating any possible stressors, such as alcohol and drug abuse. Conservative forms of treatment are often the first to be employed before the use of any type of sleep aid medication.
This may include psychological treatment techniques that include discussing sleep hygiene and ways to improve sleep. Cognitive behavior therapy may also be employed. If conservative measures are not producing the desired results, your doctor may feel it necessary to prescribe medication.
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